Humanities Diliman is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal for the humanities. Published semi-annually and indexed in Scopus, it is bilingual and both disciplinal and multi-disciplinary. Humanities Diliman promotes scholarship in the arts and humanities in the Philippines, as well as international synergies, especially with scholars of Southeast Asian studies. Original articles and reviews are welcome.

HD provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Contents of this journal may not be reproduced except for noncommercial, personal, educational, and research purposes. In the same manner, publication in HD does not entail article processing charges (APCs), submission charges, pages charges, color charges, and any similar charges.

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor-in-Chief
Ruth Jordana L. Pison, University of the Philippines Diliman

Associate Editors
Leah E. Abayao, University of the Philippines Baguio
Jose S. Buenconsejo, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rommel A. Curaming, University of Brunei Darussalam
Scott M. Koterbay, East Tennessee State University
Patrick F. Campos, University of the Philippines Diliman
Helen Yu Rivera, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rommel B. Rodriguez, University of the Philippines Diliman
Matthew M. Santamaria, University of the Philippines Diliman
Sir Anril P. Tiatco, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rolando B. Tolentino, University of the Philippines Diliman
Maria Rhodora G. Ancheta, University of the Philippines Diliman

Managing Editor
Conchitina R. Cruz, University of the Philippines Diliman

Editorial Assistant
Merrydith J. Olivan

Layout Artist
Mirriam M. Velasco

Copyeditors
Zarina Joy T. Santos
Loren E. Agaloos
Jean Aaron D. de Borja
Catherine Regina H. Borlaza

Announcements