Humanities Diliman is an internationally refereed journal for the humanities which comes out semi-annually. An open-access journal, it is multilingual and both disciplinal and multi-disciplinary. Humanities Diliman (HD) promotes scholarship in the arts and humanities in the Philippines, as well as international synergies, especially with scholars on Southeast Asia. Manuscripts and reviews are welcome. Papers submitted will undergo double blind peer review before final approval for publication.

HD provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Contents of this journal may not be reproduced except for noncommercial, personal, educational, and research purposes. In the same manner, publication in HD does not entail article processing charges (APCs), submission charges, pages charges, color charges, and any similar charges.

EDITORIAL BOARD

EDITORIAL BOARD

Editor-in-Chief
Ruth Jordana L. Pison, University of the Philippines Diliman

Associate Editors
Leah E. Abayao, University of the Philippines Baguio
Jose S. Buenconsejo, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rommel A. Curaming, University of Brunei Darussalam
Scott M. Koterbay, East Tennessee State University
Patrick F. Campos, University of the Philippines Diliman
Helen Yu Rivera, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rommel B. Rodriguez, University of the Philippines Diliman
Matthew M. Santamaria, University of the Philippines Diliman
Sir Anril P. Tiatco, University of the Philippines Diliman
Rolando B. Tolentino, University of the Philippines Diliman

Managing Editor
Conchitina R. Cruz, University of the Philippines Diliman

Editorial Assistant
Merrydith J. Olivan

Layout Artist
Mirriam M. Velasco

Copyeditors
Eilene Antoinette G. Narvaez
Arvin A. Mangohig
Zarina Joy T. Santos
Sydney Paige P. Guerrero
Jean Aaron D. de Borja
Catherine Regina H. Borlaza

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